Assessment of the effective dose to personnel in interventional radiology: a review of methods
نویسنده
چکیده
The individual monitoring of the occupational exposure in interventional radiology is problematic, owing primarily to the fact that the personnel has to wear a lead rubber protective apron. Indeed the dosimeter readings are not, in principle, accurately representative for the effective dose in all working conditions, irrespective of the over or under-apron dosimeter location. Therefore different simulations for this kind of exposure have been performed, which assess the effective dose from the doses to tissues and derive its relationship with the monitor readings. After briefly enquiring into the general approach to the effective dose estimate in the actual practice, the present paper firstly describes in this connection the characteristics of the radiation striking the staff in interventional radiology. Then it provides, within a unified framework and through a uniform notation, a review of the literature on the effective dose assessment from the doses to tissues relatively to this type of exposure. Specific results of a certain operative relevance are examined in some detail and particular attention is devoted to identify the most appropriate method for the effective dose estimate from the dosimeter readings. Which method is finally properly modified to conform it to the forthcoming update of the effective dose definition. RÉSUMÉ Évaluation de la dose efficace pour le personnel en radiologie interventionnelle : examen des méthodes employées. Le contrôle individuel de l’exposition professionnelle en radiologie interventionnelle pose problème ; la raison principale est le fait que le personnel est tenu de porter un tablier protecteur en caoutchouc plombé. En effet, les doses lues ne sont pas, par principe, représentatives de la dose efficace dans toutes les conditions de travail, sans égards à l’emplacement du dosimètre, au dessus du tablier, ou au-dessous. Diverses simulations des expositions de ce genre ont donc été effectuées, afin d’évaluer la dose efficace à partir des doses aux tissus, et d’en déduire la relation qui la lie aux valeurs lues sur le moniteur. Après une brève enquête sur le cheminement conduisant à l’estimation de la dose efficace dans la pratique actuelle, notre article décrit d’abord, dans ce contexte, les caractéristiques du rayonnement qui atteint le personnel en radiologie interventionnelle. Employant un canevas unifié et une notation uniforme, il passe en revue ce qui a été publié sur l’évaluation de la dose efficace à partir des doses aux tissus, dans le cas d’expositions de ce type. Il examine en détail les résultats spécifiques d’une certaine importance opérationnelle ; il porte une attention particulière à l’identification de la méthode qui convient le mieux pour évaluer la dose efficace depuis les lectures de doses. Enfin, il apporte à cette méthode les modifications adéquates pour l’adapter à la modernisation à venir de la définition de la dose efficace.
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